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With earnings season ramping up, traders might be looking for a way to cash in on this especially volatile time of the year. However, predicting a stock's post-earnings trajectory can be difficult to do (or else everyone would do it!). For option traders, however, there are strategies that allow you take advantage of big stock moves, regardless of the direction.
Long Strangle
The first of these options strategies is the long strangle. In this two-legged approach, a trader purchases one call and one put on the same underlying security, but at different strikes. If the underlying then makes a big enough move -- say, tumbles after an earnings miss, or skyrockets on an earnings win -- the trader will profit.
For example, say Auto Stock XYZ is set to report earnings at the end of the month. While sector-wise, the auto industry hasn't done well this past quarter, XYZ launched a new electric car, and its upcoming earnings report will have the first round of sales data for the new vehicle. Will XYZ follow its peers into the downward spiral, or will stellar vehicle sales send the stock on a tear upwards?
In an attempt to take advantage of both potential scenarios, one trader initiates a long strangle in an options series expiring in about a month. Since XYZ is currently trading at $100, the trader buys to open one 97.50-strike put, asked at $4, as well as one 103-strike call, also asked at $4. The total cost to enter this trade is $8, or $800 (x 100 shares), which is also the most the speculator stands to lose.
If XYZ rallies north of $111 (call strike plus $8 premium paid), or sinks below $89.50 (put strike minus $8 premium paid), within the options' lifetime, the trader will begin to see profits. The worst-case scenario is that XYZ will stick close to $100 and both options will expire worthless, so the $800 premium paid will be lost.
Long Straddle
A long straddle is another two-legged approach that allows traders to take advantage of heightened volatility. In a long straddle, a trader simply purchases both a call and put option at the same strike price.
In this example, the aforementioned trader perhaps bought a call and put at XYZ's 100 strike, for $6 apiece, or $12 a pair -- a sum of $1,200 (x 100 shares). If the stock rallies above $112 (strike plus premium paid) or sinks below $88 (strike minus premium paid) before the options expire in a few weeks, the speculator will begin to profit. Again, if the stock remains relatively stagnant through expiration, the most the trader will lose is the initial premium paid, or in this case, $1,200.
Straddle vs. Strangle
For a long strangle, the price of entry -- and, thus, the maximum risk -- is generally lower, since the option player is typically purchasing out-of-the-money options. However, in many situations, long strangles require a larger move in either direction to be profitable. For a long straddle, the cost of entry can be higher, but can require less of a move in either direction to become profitable. This is why option premiums and strike prices are very important when deciding which strategy to implement.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
