A recent Deloitte report highlighted a disturbing trend in the pharmaceutical industry: It appears that investments made in research and development just aren't delivering the way they used to.
In 2010 Deloitte began following the top 12 pharmaceutical companies by R&D (or research and development) spending recorded the previous year. This 12-company cohort has since launched 186 products with estimated total revenue of $1.258 trillion, and it has collectively advanced 306 drug candidates with total forecast lifetime revenue of $1.414 trillion into late-stage development.
These figures may seem astonishing, but projected returns on R&D spending for the entire cohort declined to a paltry 4.2% this year from the baseline 10.1% observed the first year.
Peak sales in decline
With the exception of 2014, returns have been lower each year since Deloitte began following the cohort. Many factors are responsible in part, but the single largest driver of the observed trend downward has been a reduction in forecast peak sales. Since 2010 the average peak sales estimate per drug has fallen by 50% to $416 million per year, while development costs per drug have increased be 33%.
One way to lower overall development costs is by limiting the number of different therapeutic areas under focus. Novartis took a big step in this direction earlier this year when it swapped its vaccine business for GlaxoSmithKline's oncology assets.
Going into the deal Novartis had a strong presence in this field. Oncology product sales in 2014 reached $11.7 billion, or about 20% of total sales for the year.
Of course, following the swap, cancer therapies have taken an even larger role at Novartis. In the third quarter, oncology unit sales hit $3.5 billion, or 29% of total sales for the period.
It's still too early to tell if lowering its number of targeted therapeutic areas will lead to better returns on R&D spending for Novartis. With a dozen oncology filings scheduled for next year, we should get an idea soon enough. Going forward, investors will want to see if the company is advancing every possible candidate, or limiting spending to programs likely to provide dramatic improvements to existing therapies.
Bring it in
In addition to staying focused, another strategy that seems to be working is looking beyond your own laboratories for innovation. This year's Deloitte report also looked at four unnamed mid- to large-cap companies not included in the 2010 cohort.
It appears that bigger is not better when it comes to achieving outsized returns on R&D. Between 2013 and 2015, the four smaller companies delivered combined R&D returns of 17%, well above the 5% seen in the original cohort during the same period.
A curious feature of the better-performing smaller companies was that they derive a much higher proportion of their late-stage pipeline value from externally sourced assets than the original cohort.
Putting it all together
The report didn't disclose which mid- to large-cap companies it included in its analysis, but I'd be shocked if Gilead Sciences isn't one of them. On its way to becoming the most valuable pharmaceutical asset in history, sofosbuvir -- the active compound that makes up Sovaldi and part of Harvoni -- wasn't discovered by Gilead.
Instead, Gilead used antiviral expertise gained during development of its HIV assets to make a bold decision. At a purchase price of $11 billion, sofosbuvir and the company that began its development, Pharmasset, wasn't cheap -- but it proved to be one of the smartest acquisitions in healthcare history. Consider Gilead's ratio of R&D to revenue, and the company's profit margin:
It's clear to see that smart use of external resources catapulted Gilead's profitability beyond that of its peers. The important takeaway is that by staying within its main therapeutic area, Gilead was able to find an undervalued asset, then skillfully unlock its value despite pushback from end payers. As you can see, the company now has what is arguably the industry's most profitable R&D machine.
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The article Drugmaker Returns on R&D Are Shrinking originally appeared on Fool.com.
Cory Renauer has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Gilead Sciences. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days . We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
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